Ashrei: a prayer that is recited at least three times daily in Jewish prayers
Av – fifth month of the Jewish year
Bar Mitzvah – an [agent] who is subject to the law after the ceremonial ritual at 13 years of age
Barhu – bless ye
Birkat Kohanim – blessing of priests
Bore Peri Haadamah – blessing for the fruit of the ground
Bore Peri Haetz – blessing for the fruit of the tree
Elul – sixth month of the Jewish year
Eruv – inter-community court
Eruv Tavshilin – the preparation of cooked food prior to a Jewish holiday that will be followed by Shabbat
Etrog – yellow citron or Citrus medica used by Jewish people during the week-long holiday of Sukkot
Habbaah bekisnin – bread filled with fruit, meat, cheese
Hagomel – blessing of Thanksgiving
Hakkafot – ceremony where synagogue members carry Torah scrolls around the synagogue seven or more times
Hallah; Hallot – challah; bread
Hametz – food forbidden for use by Jew during the festival of Passover
Hamotzi – blessing over bread
Hanukkah – Festival of Lights
Hatov Vehametiv baruhu – fourth blessing calling G-d the good King
Havdalah – ceremony that marks the symbolic end of Shabbat and Jewish holidays, and ushers in the new week
Hazan – cantor of a synagogue
Hol Hammoed – intermediate days of Passover and Sukkot
Hoshana Rabbah – seventh day of the Jewish holiday of Sukkot
Kaddish – a hymn of praises to G-d
Karmeelit –neither public nor private
Kedushah – the third section of all Amidah recitations
Kiddush – a blessing recited over wine or grape juice to sanctify the Shabbat and Jewish holidays
Kinyan – symbolical form of making an agreement binding by handing over an object from one to the other of the contracting parties
Kittle – white robe
Kohen; Kohanim – priest
Lulav – a closed frond of the date palm tree and one of the Four Species used during the Jewish holiday of Sukkot
Maariv – Jewish prayer service held in evening or night
Maftir – the last person called up to the Torah on Shabbat and holiday morning
Mashiv Haruah – prayer praising G-d as the source of rain
Matzah – unleavened bread
Megillah – tenth Tractate of Mishnah in the Order Moed. It and its Gemara deal with the laws of Purim and offers exegetical understandings to the Book of Esther
Mezemor letodah – a Psalm of Thanksgiving offering
Mezuzah; Mezuzot – small, prayer scrolls rolled up to place on doorways, entryways, and gates
Minhah – prayers offered in the afternoon
Minyan – quorum of ten male adults
Modim – prayer of thanks
Muktzeh – separated; set aside
Nisan – first month of the Jewish year
Onan – a person who is bound to observe mourning
Orlah – fruits of the first three years
Pesah – Passover
Pesuke Dezimerah – special verses of Psalms
Retzeh – accept
Rosh Hashanah – Jewish New Year
Rosh Hodesh – name for the first day of every month in the Hebrew calendar, marked by the birth of a new moon
Seder – order; program
Sefer Torah – handwritten copy of the Torah, the holiest book within Judaism
Sefirah – to express or communicate; Lights and Vessels
Shatnez – cloth containing both wool and linen
Shavuot– marks the giving of the Torah on Mt. Sinai
Shehakol – blessing for animal products: meat, chicken, fish, and eggs; water and all other drinks (except for wine) and soups; and miscellaneous foods like mushrooms, candy, etc.
Shema – three portions of the Holy Scriptures in Deuteronomy and Numbers; one of only two prayers that are specifically commanded in Torah
Shemini Atzeret – eighth [day of] Assembly; a Jewish holiday celebrated in the Hebrew month of Tishrei, which follows the Jewish festival of Sukkot
Shemoneh Esreh – eighteen; silent prayer
Simchat Torah – a Jewish holiday that celebrates and marks the conclusion of the annual cycle of public Torah readings, and the beginning of a new cycle
Sukkah – temporary hut constructed for use during the week-long Jewish festival of Sukkot
Sukkot – one of Judaism’s three central harvest festivals
Tahanun – petition of Grace
Talith – prayer shawl
Tal Umatar – Rain and Dew liturgy
Tammuz – fourth month of the Jewish year
Tefillin – phylacteries
Tishrei – the first month of the civil year
Tzitsis – Fringes
Uva Letziyon – Hebrew opening words and the name of the closing prayer of the weekday morning service.